HTML Learning Tutorial P001
What is HTML?
- HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
- HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
- HTML describes the structure of a Web page
- HTML consists of a series of elements
- HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
- HTML elements label pieces of content such as “this is a heading”, “this is a paragraph”, “this is a link”, etc.
A Simple HTML Document
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Page Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>My First Heading</h1> <p>My first paragraph.</p> </body> </html>
Example Explained
- The
<!DOCTYPE html>declaration defines that this document is an HTML5 document - The
<html>element is the root element of an HTML page - The
<head>element contains meta information about the HTML page - The
<title>element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the browser’s title bar or in the page’s tab) - The
<body>element defines the document’s body, and is a container for all the visible contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc. - The
<h1>element defines a large heading - The
<p>element defines a paragraph
What is an HTML Element?
An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag:
The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
| Start tag | Element content | End tag |
|---|---|---|
| <h1> | My First Heading | </h1> |
| <p> | My first paragraph. | </p> |
| <br> | none | none |
Note: The content inside the <body> section will be displayed in a browser. The content inside the <title> element will be shown in the browser’s title bar or in the page’s tab.
HTML History
Since the early days of the World Wide Web, there have been many versions of HTML:
| Year | Version |
|---|---|
| 1989 | Tim Berners-Lee invented www |
| 1991 | Tim Berners-Lee invented HTML |
| 1993 | Dave Raggett drafted HTML+ |
| 1995 | HTML Working Group defined HTML 2.0 |
| 1997 | W3C Recommendation: HTML 3.2 |
| 1999 | W3C Recommendation: HTML 4.01 |
| 2000 | W3C Recommendation: XHTML 1.0 |
| 2008 | WHATWG HTML5 First Public Draft |
| 2012 | WHATWG HTML5 Living Standard |
| 2014 | W3C Recommendation: HTML5 |
| 2016 | W3C Candidate Recommendation: HTML 5.1 |
| 2017 | W3C Recommendation: HTML5.1 2nd Edition |
| 2017 | W3C Recommendation: HTML5.2 |
Is there an equally simple way for sub-directories? e.g. from jakariaa.com/jakaria/index.html to mydomain.com/jakaria
You can use<a href="/#jakaria">Md Jakaria Nur</a>to link to a specific part of your page as welljakariaa.com/index.html
<a href="/">Home</a><title>My Page Title</title> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/images/favicon.ico">
Please Read HTML Primary Concept Before Starting HTML Basic Concept
HTML Documents
All HTML documents must start with a document type declaration: <!DOCTYPE html>.
The HTML document itself begins with <html> and ends with </html>.
The visible part of the HTML document is between <body> and </body>.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <tittle>Md Jakaria Nur</tittle> </head> <body> <h1>My First Heading</h1> <p>My first paragraph.</p> </body> </html>
The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration represents the document type, and helps browsers to display web pages correctly.
It must only appear once, at the top of the page (before any HTML tags).
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not case sensitive.
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration for HTML5 is: <!DOCTYPE html>
HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading:
Example
<h1>This is heading 1</h1>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<h3>This is heading 3</h3>
HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag:
Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag:
Example
<a href=”https://jakariaa.com”>JakariaA</a>
HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.
The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width, and height are provided as attributes:
Example
<img src=”jakariaa.jpg” alt=”jakariaa.com” width=”500″ height=”500″>
HTML Form
HTML Form – 01
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <h2>HTML Forms</h2> <form action="/action_page.php"> <label for="fname">First name:</label><br> <input type="text" id="fname" name="fname" value="John"><br> <label for="lname">Last name:</label><br> <input type="text" id="lname" name="lname" value="Doe"><br><br> <input type="submit" value="Submit"> </form> <p>If you click the "Submit" button, the form-data will be sent to a page called "/action_page.php".</p> </body> </html>
Navigation bar – 01
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <style> body { margin: 0; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;} .topnav { overflow: hidden; background-color: #333;} .topnav a { float: left; display: block; color: #f2f2f2; text-align: center; padding: 14px 16px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 17px;} .topnav a:hover { background-color: #ddd; color: black;} .topnav a.active { background-color: DodgerBlue; color: white;} .topnav .icon { display: none;} @media screen and (max-width: 600px) { .topnav a:not(:first-child) {display: none;} .topnav a.icon { float: right; display: block;}} @media screen and (max-width: 600px) { .topnav.responsive {position: relative;} .topnav.responsive .icon { position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0;} .topnav.responsive a { float: none; display: block; text-align: left;}} </style> </head> <body> <div class="topnav" id="myTopnav"> <a href="#home" class="active">Home</a> <a href="#news">News</a> <a href="#contact">Contact</a> <a href="#about">About</a> <a href="#about">About</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="icon" onclick="myFunction()"> <i class="fa fa-bars"></i> </a> </div> <div style="padding-left:16px"> <h2>Responsive Topnav Example</h2> <p>Resize the browser window to see how it works.</p> </div> <script> function myFunction() { var x = document.getElementById("myTopnav"); if (x.className === "topnav") { x.className += " responsive"; } else { x.className = "topnav";}} </script> </body> </html>
Thank You!
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